More than a quarter (27%) of Scottish workers said money worries had a negative impact on their ability to do their job, research from CIPD found.
Among those earning less than £20,000 a year, this figure rose to 33%.
For those earning £60,000 or more, 15% said the same.
Workers pointed to lost sleep, poor concentration, and difficulty making decisions at work as some of the ways money worries affected their job performance.
Three in 10 (30%) employees in Scotland said they would not be able to cope with an unexpected £300 bill without using savings.
This went up to 53% among those earning less than £20,000 a year.
Marek Zemanik, senior public policy advisor for the UK nations at the CIPD, said: “Rising employment costs are a big concern for organisations right now, but what’s often overlooked is the impact of poor financial wellbeing on employee wellbeing and productivity. Our research really puts that into perspective.
“Employers that commit to supporting the financial wellbeing of their workers will benefit from a much more engaged and productive workforce, which is vital in the current climate.
“Organisations are more likely to stand out in the labour market as a socially responsible employer too, which is becoming increasingly important as people put more trust in companies that align with their values.”